Abstract
Maritime law enforcement is applied across the globe in pursuit of transnational criminal organizations, drug traffickers, illegal fishing, and other illicit activity. Whether the response involves an at-sea boarding or a port State control examination, authority is derived from multiple international treaties and Conventions and domestic laws. This chapter focuses on primarily on the US authorities, analyzes maritime law enforcement operations and pollution enforcement, and reviews the relevant international treaties, conventions, and laws which grant authority for conducting operations in the maritime domain. Legal instruments reviewed include: the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC); the 1988 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances; The Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act (MDLEA) and Drug Trafficking Vessel Interdiction Act (DTVIA); the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships; Fisheries and Environmental Laws of the United States; and the US. Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Lastly, we discuss the authority, role, and operations of the US. Coast Guard (USCG) in responding to and enforcing the above International Conventions and the US laws.
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