7 - Advances in nanoclay-based drug delivery systems and their therapeutic potential

Abstract

Nanoclays, which are clay particles with nanometer dimensions, are explored, including their types such as kaolinite, hectorite, halloysite, and montmorillonite. This chapter discusses the use of nanoclays in medicine and drug delivery. Here, we discuss the historical application of clays for medicinal purposes and the development of synthetic mineral clays to overcome the limitations of natural clays. The essential biomedical applications of nanoclay layers are emphasized, highlighting their distinct properties and arrangements. Drug hybrids combine drugs with other materials to improve their properties or delivery mechanisms. Nanoclays are used in developing these hybrids for drug delivery purposes. For example, montmorillonite is known for its layered structure, which can stabilize bioactive molecules and facilitate controlled drug release. The tubular shape of halloysite makes it ideal for storing and releasing drugs. Kaolinite possesses excellent physical, chemical, and surface properties, making it a highly promising option for drug delivery. The factors influencing drug delivery using nanoclays are examined, including the morphology, pore size, charge density, zeta potential, thermal stability, and mechanical behavior of these materials. The use of various characterization techniques to study nanoclays is also highlighted. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the utilization of nanoclays in medicine, particularly in drug delivery systems, and discusses various types of nanoclays and their properties in this context.