Abstract

Sleep and breathing fulfill a fundamental set of functions that are critical to sustain life. In parallel with the changes that occur in many other vital systems with maturation, both sleep and respiratory patterning undergo a wide range of developmental changes. Furthermore, a deep understanding of the interactions between sleep and respiratory functions is necessary to extrapolate potential state-dependent vulnerabilities in the context of many respiratory tract disorders in children. As such, this chapter will provide basic insights into the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of sleep from a developmental perspective, as well as describe some of the elements governing the neural outputs necessary for respiratory homeostasis, including respiratory motor rhythmogenesis, chemoception, and feedback mechanisms.

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