Abstract
Routers are used to ensure that IP addresses are unique across the entire WAN. A small network needs only one edge router that acts as an interface between Internet traffic coming from an Internet service provider (ISP) and internal network. Routers (also known as gateways) are part of the system of Internet protocol (IP) addresses and associated domain names that drive the Internet. Dynamic IP addresses are assigned to a device whenever the device connects to the network. There are two protocols in wide use for assigning dynamic IP addresses, dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) and bootstrap protocol (BootP). A domain name is a human-understandable name associated with a static IP address. Most routers contain firewalls, software that can prevent many unwanted packets from getting onto the network. Small home routers are also intelligent devices and provide a variety of configuration options that typically can be accessed from a Web browser. The router has an IP address, which directly leads to the configuration screen.
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