6 - Nanostructured electrodes

Abstract

The emergence of nanostructured materials has opened up new possibilities for the advancement of next-generation biosensors. Controlling the design of the electrode interface at the nanoscale, combined with the intrinsic properties of nanomaterials, results in novel biosensing platforms with increased functionality. The goal of this chapter is to deliver an extensive and critical overview of various approaches in building electrochemical nanostructured electrodes for sensor advancement. The involvement of these materials in chemical sensors is outlined, along with the methods that form the foundation of the sensing process. Some key sensors that are directly related to human physiology and have clinical significance have received significant attention. This consists of nanoscale materials like nanotubes, nanowires, nanoparticles, and nanosheets, as well as porous nanostructured materials. These platforms may pave the way for the development of portable electronic point-of-care devices for applications ranging from environmental analysis to bio-medical diagnostic methods.