Abstract

From a historical perspective, the problems of nonmetallic inclusions are not new when compared with those of small cracks. The effect of inclusions is an important topic for both manufacturers and users of steels. There must be many experienced engineers who understand very well, empirically but qualitatively, the influences of small defects and nonmetallic inclusions. However, it must be noted that the effects of small defects and nonmetallic inclusions are essentially the small crack problem, and that this problem can only be solved in a unified form from the viewpoint of small crack fracture mechanics. This approach has led to quantitative solution of the inclusion problem, an objective that had not been attained by the traditional prediction methods used in material science and engineering. This chapter presents the quantitative prediction method for fatigue strength influenced by nonmetallic inclusions and the related inclusion rating method based on the statistics of extremes which can solve the incompleteness of existing inclusion rating methods and standards

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