Abstract
The reasons for relatively low fatigue strength and large scatter of fatigue strength were quantitatively elucidated considering the combined effects of hardness and nonmetallic inclusions on fatigue strength. Nonmetallic inclusions are equivalent to small defects or cracks from the viewpoint of fracture mechanics. The effects of nonmetallic inclusions on fatigue strength depend on their size, shape and location where they exist, and this becomes the cause of large scatter of the fatigue limit. However, it is possible to predict the upper (σwu) and lower limits (σwl) of the fatigue strength from the hardness (Hv) of a matrix and the maximum size of inclusions (√(area)max) defined by the square root of the projected area of an inclusion. The expected value of √(area)max in a definite number of specimens or machine components can be estimated by statistics of extreme values.
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