Abstract
As we enter a new era of next-generation wireless systems represented by Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) technology, it is essential to grasp the recent progress in their standardization and development. This article offers a concise survey of the 5G NR system design that aims at introducing its features according to the relevant Third Generation Partnership (3GPP) specifications. Our focus is set on the flexibility of 5G NR, which refers to its capability to support novel services and technologies, such as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Internet of Things (IoT) for massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) while satisfying the underlying quality requirements. The key enablers of the 5G NR operation are scalable numerology, ultra-lean and beam-centric design, support for low latency, spectrum extension, and forward compatibility. This work summarizes these important features by studying the overall 5G architecture and the user-/control-plane protocol stacks specified by 3GPP. Furthermore, the impact of scalable numerology on system performance is discussed. Finally, we also consider open challenges and future research directions.
Highlights
The Fifth Generation (5G) wireless system, whose air interface is known as ‘‘New Radio’’ (NR) [1], represents the most promising next-generation solution to meet the needs of the increasingly demanding mobile market
Our focus is set on the flexibility of 5G NR, which refers to its capability to support novel services and technologies, such as enhanced Mobile Broadband and Internet of Things (IoT) for massive Machine Type Communications while satisfying the underlying quality requirements
This article surveys NR by focusing on: the overall architecture of 5G NR and dual connectivity architecture options; innovations introduced by the NR technology in the user-/control-plane protocol stacks; first-order simulation-based analysis regarding the impact of scalable numerology on 5G NR performance; future research directions by 3GPP
Summary
The Fifth Generation (5G) wireless system, whose air interface is known as ‘‘New Radio’’ (NR) [1], represents the most promising next-generation solution to meet the needs of the increasingly demanding mobile market. The objective of SUL is to extend uplink coverage and increase uplink data rates in the case of limited power owing to reduced path loss in low-frequency bands. RRM is an extremely important research topic for 5G NR systems, including both terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) Regarding this latter, in [9], an innovative RRM approach has been proposed for 5G NR multi-beam NTNs. the dynamic spectrum management has been addressed in [10] for simultaneous transmissions via licensed and unlicensed bands in 5G wireless networks based on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), which was initially considered to be a 3GPP study item for 5G NR but it was left for beyond 5G [11].
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