Abstract
The proliferation of 5G new radio (NR) base stations (gNBs) worldwide sheds light on electromagnetic field (EMF) measurements of gNB to assess human exposure. Over-the-air (OTA) measurement of gNBs is mandatory because 5G NR uses an active array antenna. Furthermore, it is well known that 5G NR provides various types of services such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine-type communications (MTC). Therefore, in the case of 5G NR gNB, a reliable method of EMF measurement for each gNB is required because the traffic information varies greatly depending on the services provided, and many gNBs are installed in a hotspot area. Thus, EMF measurements involve the selection of the synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block, which is “always-on” and does not depend on traffic signals. In this study, we analyze the methods used to measure EMF for 5G NR, which involve the application of instruments such as a dedicated NR decoder or spectrum analyzer. Consequently, we assert that EMF measurement methods should be classified and implemented according to their evaluation purposes. In addition, we propose that the compliance for installing gNBs should be measured by using a dedicated NR decorder based on a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) that can not only increase the reliability of the measurement but also accurately measure the EMF exposure for each gNB.
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