Abstract
The equation of state of an ionized gas is investigated in the range of temperatures and electron densities of engineering interest The gas is assumed to be monatomic, electrically neutral, and in thermodynamic equilibrium, but the composition of the gas is arbitrary, that is, multiple ionization of any degree is allowed. Previous work is reviewed, and the limits of validity of various theories are determined. The classical corrections to the perfect gas expressions due to electrostatic forces and the finite size of particles, as obtained from the theories of Debye and Hückel, Mayer, and others, are investigated. Quantum corrections due to electron degeneracy, electron interactions, and black-body radiation are also considered. In some cases, improved expressions are derived and suitable approximations are suggested.
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