Abstract
With a population of approximately 1.37 billion in 2010, mainland China has experienced rapid socioeconomic development since the late 1970s, resulting in a dramatic increase in water demand. Because precipitation has vast spatial and temporal variations, for some geographic regions in mainland China, water resources have become a key factor for sustaining development. Along with climate, the security of water resources may further restrain mainland China’s sustainable socioeconomic development. This chapter provides an overview of the status of water resources, examines the major issues concerning the quantity and quality of water resources, explores possible influences of climate on the security of water resources, and discusses strategies and measures for tackling the vulnerability of water resources in mainland China.
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