Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the relationships among ecosystems, ecosystem services, biodiversity, climate, and aspects of human well-being, including psychological dimensions and some infectious diseases. Also discussed are the changes and threats that many ecosystem services increasingly experience. Humans, especially those with the greatest economic and political power, need to understand these risks and to use their influence to develop and police agreements that conserve and restore damaged ecosystems and their services. The key elements of this task will include a slowing and then reversal of human population growth, combined with ingenious ways to lessen per capita harm.
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