Abstract
The diagnosis and management of pediatric asthma differs from that of adult asthma. Asthma in early childhood is a heterogeneous condition with many phenotypes that may account for different responses to treatment and varied outcomes. Major factors that increase the risk of persistent asthma are other allergic diseases, reduced lung function, genetic variation, and viral respiratory wheezing illnesses and bacterial colonization in infancy. It is important to evaluate for several co-morbid diseases that may make asthma in the young child more difficult to control, including allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and gastroesophageal reflux. This chapter examines the existing literature regarding prevalence and burden of disease, key diagnostic criteria, approach to evaluation, and assessment of common risk factors and comorbidities.
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