Abstract
This chapter examines some of the important features of the personal computer (PC) as they relate to the data acquisition techniques. The key to the effective use of PCs in data acquisition and process control is the careful matching of the specific requirements of a particular application to the appropriate hardware and software available. Direct memory access (DMA) technique facilitates the maximum data transfer rate and microprocessor concurrence. Unlike programmed or interrupt controlled I/O, where data is transferred via the microprocessor and its internal registers, DMA transfers data directly between an I/O device and memory. Whichever CPU is being used, it must have a DMA feature to determine when DMA is required, so that it can relinquish control of the address and data buses, as well as the control lines required to read and write to memory. This chapter covers in detail operation of interrupts, DMA, and data transfer speeds (polled I/O, interrupt, DMA, repeat inst). The chapter also discusses different types of memory such as base memory, expanded memory, and extended memory. Basic concepts of PCI, Compact PCI, ISA bus, EISA bus, interfacing techniques to the PC bus, and compact PCI are also discussed in the chapter.
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