Abstract
This chapter focuses on the linear circuit applications, including the inverting and noninverting amplifiers, differential amplifiers, buffers, current-to-voltage converters, and voltage-to-current converters. In inverting amplifier circuits, the inverting input of the op-amp is effectively at earth potential. The input resistors provide a load to the signal source, and their value must be chosen with care. Both inverting and noninverting amplifier circuits feature low output impedance. A differential amplifier circuit is commonly used to amplify or buffer differential signals while rejecting common-mode signals. A differential signal is presented across two terminals. The voltage on one terminal rises as the voltage on the other terminal falls. Differential amplifiers also allow one signal to be subtracted from another. The simplest current-to-voltage converter circuits are those for which the load is allowed to float. In all voltage-to-current conversions, the op-amp used in the circuit must be capable of providing the desired maximum load current. Also the output voltage that is required for maximum load current must not exceed the op-amp's rating. On the other hand, a simple voltage regulator uses an op-amp to drive the base of a power transistor to turn on the transistor and to pass current from the input to the output.
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