Abstract
3D printing of denture artificial teeth with resin materials is worthy of study in a novel way. This study evaluated chipping and indirect tensile fracture resistance of 3D printing resin material (Dentca 3D printing denture teeth resin) compared with conventionally prefabricated resin denture teeth (Premium-8, Surpass, SR-Orthosit-PE, and Preference). One hundred tooth specimens were prepared for testing. The 3D printed tooth specimens were printed at a 50 µm layer thickness with methacrylate-based photopolymerized resin by stereolithography 3D printing. Chipping and indirect tensile fracture tests were conducted at a speed of 1 mm/min until fracture. The indirect tensile fracture loads of the 3D printed resin teeth were higher than those of Premium-8, Surpass, and SR-Orthosit-PE, and lower than those of Preference teeth. Regarding chipping resistance, the 3D printed resin teeth were not different from Surpass and SR-Orthosit-PE, and were lower than Premium-8 and Preference teeth. The 3D printed resin teeth exhibited vertical fracture of the loaded cusp without deformation in chipping. The 3D printed resin teeth showed simultaneous fracture of two cusps in indirect tensile fracture, unlike other teeth. The results of this study suggest that 3D printing technology using resin materials provides adequate fracture resistance for denture artificial tooth use.
Highlights
Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems are widely used in dentistry, mainly for the fabrication of inlays, crowns, fixed partial dentures, and implant prostheses.Recently, CAD/CAM technology has been applied to fabrication of complete dentures, offering many advantages to dentists and patients over conventional complete dentures [1]
Figure 1. 3D printed denture artificial tooth manufacturing procedure. (a) Prefabricated artificial denture tooth to replicate. (b) Original tooth was scanned with desktop scanner. (c) Shape of the scanned tooth. (d) Digital tooth file was loaded to 3D printer slicing software. (e) Tooth was 3D printed from the methacrylate-based photopolymerized resin material. (f) Printed tooth was cleaned and cured in the post-curing machine
The load-to-chipping fracture values measured in Premium-8 (332.82 ± 54.64 N) and Preference (388.87 ± 55.64 N) teeth were significantly higher than those in the 3D printed resin (89.22 ± 14.87 N), Surpass (89.09 ± 33.75 N), and SR-Orthosit-PE (78.82 ± 25.99 N)
Summary
CAD/CAM technology has been applied to fabrication of complete dentures, offering many advantages to dentists and patients over conventional complete dentures [1]. It allows a reduced number of appointments, and spare dentures are more available, as digital data are saved [2]. The 3D printed denture uses additive technology to create a denture following digital design by complete denture process (Dentca denture; DentcaTM , Torrance, CA, USA). This 3D printing technology for dentures makes denture base, but denture teeth. These 3D printed teeth are made from methacrylate-based photopolymerized resin that is processed and cured by 3D printing only [4]
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