3-[(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)amino]propanoic acid (Vitamin B5): Its Synthesis, Transformation into Coenzyme A and Role in Disease

Abstract

This is a paper on Vitamin B5, it’s role in coenzyme A synthesis and how deficiency of B5 can have catastrophic consequences of human health. In this review, the process of pantothenate synthesis in bacteria and plants will be explored, followed by the role of B5 in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). Understanding these mechanisms is of critical importance to nutritional and clinical authorities to aid the formation of guidelines that promote good health and clinical treatment. The biosynthesis pathway of pantothenate in pathogenic bacteria is of particular interest in the future design of antibiotic drugs as it contains many potential enzyme targets that are absent and unnecessary in humans. The importance of B5 and the CoA synthesis pathway is highlighted via a discussion of diseases that result or are linked with improper functioning of these systems. Subsequently, the paper explores the benefits of B5 supplementation for cholesterol and inflammation reduction and immune response during tuberculosis infection. The paper then explores the prevalence of poor vitamin B5 intake in certain populations to highlight where B5 consumption increases or supplementation should be promoted.