Abstract
Renewable energy-driven desalination technologies fall into two categories. The first category includes distillation desalination technologies driven by heat produced by renewable energy sources (RESs), while the second includes membrane and distillation desalination technologies driven by electricity or mechanical energy produced by RESs. Correct matching of RES stand-alone power supply with desalination systems has been recognized as being crucial if the system is to provide a satisfactory supply of power and water at a reasonable cost. This chapter presents one of the most promising and applicable matching of RES with desalination: solar energy technologies to drive thermal and membrane desalination technologies. The state of the art of the most promising couplings of solar thermal systems and photovoltaics (PVs) with distillation and membrane processes as well as technology-selection guidelines, economics, and market are presented. Also included are the lessons learned from specific applications. Solar energy coupling with desalination is an important challenge, and significant work has been done in this area. However, much remains to be done in providing practical and viable plants.
Published Version
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