Abstract
This chapter deals with powder metallurgy and ceramic forming. Ceramics are inorganic materials composed of both metallic and nonmetallic constituents. Ceramics can be either crystalline or amorphous. Ceramic-forming includes two types of casting: slip-casting and tape-casting. Slip-casting is used to make ceramic objects by consolidating fine ceramics suspended in a liquid over a porous mold, and tape-casting is used to fabricate ceramic substrates for high-technology applications. The basic powder metallurgy (PM) technique to fabricate ceramic and metal parts involves four steps: making powders from metals or ceramics, mixing or blending, pressing or consolidation, and sintering or firing. PM processes are very material efficient, with material utilization levels of nearly 95% or higher, and allow mass production of complex parts. The starting raw materials for powder metallurgy are powders. A mechanical method of making powders from ceramic materials is milling, which refines the powder size. Particles used in PM are quite fine, and their size, shape, and texture vary with the powder production process and operating parameters.
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