Abstract
In the present study, a novel synthesized adsorbent material based on 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes was used to increase the Pb2+ adsorption from aqueous solutions in a flow injection solid-phase extraction system coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy) were employed to confirm the chemical modification of the adsorbent surface. Preconcentration conditions (sample pH, flow rate, buffer solution, and eluent concentrations) were optimized using factorial and Doehlert matrix designs that made it possible to construct a linear graph in the 5.0- to 130.0-μg L−1 range (r = 0.9999) and estimate detection and quantification limits (1.7 and 5.7 μg L−1, respectively). The method precision was found to be 4.20 and 1.97 % for 5.0 and 100.0 μg L−1 Pb2+ solutions, respectively. When using the 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the sensitivity for the Pb2+ trace determination was improved to 95 % compared with the oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, thus evidencing the significant enhancement of the adsorption capacity. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of Pb2+ species in different water samples and the PACS-2 marine sediment-certified reference material.
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