Abstract
Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have been used to limit the release of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from coal-fired power plants since the late 1960s. FGD systems produced more than 45 million tons of solid products in 2015 and represent the second-largest coal combustion product (CCP) stream by volume after coal ash. The most common systems use forced oxidation and produce FGD gypsum, a high value product that is commonly used in wallboard and panel products. Other uses include cement and concrete, agriculture, and structural fills. Less common FGD systems include inhibited or natural oxidation and spray dryer absorbers. The properties of the solids captured in these systems are less amenable to beneficial use in construction applications.
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