Abstract
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE), sometimes referred to as Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), is a Severe Plastic Deformation technique. However the energy-power parameters of ECAE have not been fully addressed in previous known publications. The present article is focused on the punching pressure, accumulated plastic strain, and dead metal zone geometry estimation during ECAE of metal workpieces through a 2θ-die with a channel intersection angle of 2θ>0o and 2θ≠90o. Computational analytical results for ECAE technological parameters have been analytically derived for planar flow of a plastic, incompressible, non-hardening metal workpiece in an angular Segal die with 2θ>0o and 2θ≠90o. This is accomplished through the use of an Upper Bound Method (UBM) with Discontinuous Velocity Field (DVF) introduction. The development of the Dead Zone (DZ) for metal ECAE through a 2θ-die with 2θ>0o and 2θ≠90o has been analytically investigated. The obtained computational results for 2θ-die have been compared with the slip line analytic solutions of Segal for non-rectangular 2θ-dies of the same geometry. Good agreement between the two computational results has been found. The physical modeling techniques using plasticine have confirmed the appearance of a dead zone and material flow dynamics during ECAE through the Segal 2θ-die.
Highlights
The manufacture of new advanced materials requires the development of new material forming deformation techniques
All previous research[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32] has not fully addressed the mechanics of Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) through a 2θ-die with channel intersection angle 2θ>0° and 2q≠90° with an introduction of Upper Bound Method (UBM) with trial Discontinuous Velocity Field (DVF). This insufficient analysis of energy-power parameters during ECAE through 2θ-die was the stimulus that led to the research reported in the present article, which is the first upper bound approach to workpiece 2D plastic flow through the application of the UBM with DVF
With respect to the friction factor m, derived with and slip line method (SLM) during ECAE of non-hardening material through Segal dies with channel intersection angles 2θ=120° (a) and 2θ=135° (b)
Summary
The manufacture of new advanced materials requires the development of new material forming deformation techniques. All previous research[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32] has not fully addressed the mechanics of ECAE through a 2θ-die with channel intersection angle 2θ>0° and 2q≠90° with an introduction of UBM with trial DVF. This insufficient analysis of energy-power parameters during ECAE through 2θ-die was the stimulus that led to the research reported in the present article, which is the first upper bound approach to workpiece 2D plastic flow through the application of the UBM with DVF
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