Abstract
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen are among the most commonly used drugs in the United States. The therapeutic action of NSAIDs is mediated by their ability to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), but the mechanism of acetaminophen is not well understood. Both NSAIDs and acetaminophen are used as analgesics and antipyretics—that is, to reduce fever. NSAIDs, but not acetaminophen, have antiinflammatory actions and also are used in the treatment of a number of inflammatory disorders including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Aspirin, an NSAID that irreversibly inhibits COX in platelets, can also be used to reduce thrombosis. The most common adverse effect of NSAIDs is epigastric distress. Acute overdose is a concern with aspirin, which can result in metabolic acidosis, hyperthermia, convulsions, and coma, and with acetaminophen, which can result in hepatic necrosis and failure. Overall, the appropriate use of NSAIDs and acetaminophen is generally safe.
Published Version
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