Abstract
Listeriosis is a zoonosis caused by the gram-positive rod Listeria monocytogenes. Human infection is most often acquired through ingestion of contaminated food. Although uncommon as a cause of infection in the general population, listeriosis is an important cause of life-threatening bacteremia and central nervous system infection in certain high-risk groups including newborns, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with impaired cell-mediated immunity due to disease states, such as hematological malignancy, or due to corticosteroid or other immunosuppressive therapy, as in the case of solid organ transplant recipients. Following ingestion of a large inoculum, L. monocytogenes can result in acute, self-limiting, febrile gastroenteritis in otherwise healthy people. Ampicillin is considered the treatment of choice; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is recommended for those allergic to penicillin. Patients with listeriosis do not require isolation. Increasing interest in this organism has arisen from concerns about food safety following lethal foodborne outbreaks.
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