Abstract
This chapter focuses on the extensive study of cognitive aging in nonhuman primates. Five general domains of cognitive function have been carefully examined in aged nonhuman primates: visual recognition memory, spatial memory, stimulus-reward associative learning, relational memory, and attentional processing or executive function. Generally, cognitive function considers the evidence for impairments in a particular domain in aged nonhuman primates by reviewing the neuropsychological evidence from young animals linking each domain to the function of specific neural circuits. Caution needs to be taken when changes in neurobiological variables are related to changes in behavior. There are a number of instances in which neurobiological and behavioral changes are both correlated with age by creating the possibility for a common age effect and no unique relationship of biological marker to behavior.
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