Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of different analytic methods, such as liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA), and chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA), in order to highlight whether or not there is relative superiority amongst the assays. We analyzed two groups of subjects suffering from headache and two groups of healthy subjects. Design and Methods: We performed a prospective, single-blind single-center control-group study on 220 subjects with migraine. Subjects of both sexes >10 years old and with 12 months’ history of migraine were eligible for the study. As a control group, 120 healthy subjects were chosen by their family physician. Results: LC-MS/MS evaluation documented that in all enrolled subjects (migraine and control groups), the serum vitamin D3 levels were lower with respect to the normal range (30–100 ng/mL), with a mean value of 15.4 ng/mL, without difference between sex. The mean values measured using HPLC-UV, EIA, and CLIA tests such as Liaison® and Architect® did not show significant differences compared to the values obtained using LC-MS/MS. Conclusions: In conclusion, the population generally has low values of the vitamin D3 hormone, and the suggested range should probably be revised. HPLC-UV and CLIA were found to have appropriate analytical values compared to the reference method (LC-MS/MS), so it is possible to suggest their routine use to optimize care.
Highlights
Vitamin D is a lipophilic hormone that can be obtained from the diet and from exposure of the skin to UV in sunlight
We evaluated the performance of five different techniques: Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA), and chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA), in order to highlight the superiority amongst the assays
Vitamin D is a lipophilic hormone involved in several homeostatic mechanisms, and lower values have been implicated in the development of several diseases [11], and lower vitamin D concentration is associated prognostically with a 35% increase in the risk of death
Summary
Vitamin D is a lipophilic hormone that can be obtained from the diet and from exposure of the skin to UV in sunlight. The exposure of the skin to UVB (spectrum 280–320 nm) for 30–40 min per day could cover its requirements. Both Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 are available as oral supplements [1]. Vitamin D2 differs from D3 in having a double bond between the C22 and C23, and a methyl group in the side chain at the C24. These biochemical differences lower the affinity of D2 for the vitamin D3 binding protein (DBP), limiting its conversion into 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and may result in a shorter half-life in the circulation. The subjects commonly at risk for vitamin D3 deficiency include those having inadequate sun exposure, limited oral intake of it, or impaired intestinal absorption [6]
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