Abstract
Significant evidence from the epidemiological investigations showed that dietary polyphenols might manage and prevent type 2 diabetes. This review summarized the human studies and clinical trial of polyphenols as anti-diabetic agents. Polyphenols from coffee, guava tea, whortleberry, olive oil, propolis, chocolate, red wine, grape seed, and cocoa have shown anti-diabetic effects in type 2 diabetic patients by increasing glucose metabolism, improving vascular function, and reducing insulin resistance and HbA1c. However, the individual flavonoid and isoflavonoid compound looks like no effects on diabetes, although clinical and human data the intake of purified flavonoid and diabetes risk are limited. Preliminary clinical trials provided evidence that resveratrol has anti-diabetic activity in humans by improving glycemic control in humans with insulin resistance. Anthocyanins exhibited antidiabetic property by reducing blood glucose and HbA1c, increasing insulin secretion, and improving insulin resistance. The structure-activity relationship of polyphenols as anti-diabetic agents in human study is rarely reported.
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