Abstract
An overview of ultrasonic pulse–echo and transmission techniques that can be used for flaw detection, localization of internal objects, and materials characterization is presented to provide information about the state of concrete structures. The underlying physics of elastic wave propagation and imaging methods are discussed. Although several transmission techniques are mentioned, the main focus is on pulse–echo imaging including synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) reconstruction, which is described from the authors’ perspective. Descriptions of measurement systems and application examples are intended to show current and future measurement possibilities.
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