Abstract
A hallmark of infectious diseases is that not all individuals develop disease despite exposure, suggesting the role of interindividual genetic variation in susceptibility. The human genome is under a constant “arms-race” as it coevolves with pathogen exposure. In this chapter, we summarize our current knowledge of the host–pathogen relationship at a genome level. We begin by looking at various approaches used to identify and understand the host genetic loci associated with susceptibility to infectious disease. We review such loci linked with common infectious diseases, with a specific focus on COVID-19. Finally, we conclude by looking at the potential future approaches, and the road that lies ahead in understanding the complex interplay between host and pathogen genomes.
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