Abstract
The term dielectric materials or dielectrics refers to nonconductive materials, which are able to be polarized under the influence of an external electric field. Dielectrics are classified as polar and nonpolar, and the achieved polarization is related to the orientation of permanent and induced dipoles parallel to the field. Under static field dielectric permittivity depends on material’s molecular structure and temperature. On the other hand, under the influence of alternating field dielectric response is a function of all three parameters that is molecular structure, temperature and field’s frequency. In this case, relaxation effects occur, with varying relaxation times and intensity. Active dielectrics are materials, which can be polarized in the absence of an external electric field. Polymers and polymer-based micro- or nanocomposites are dielectric materials exhibiting relaxation processes, originating from the macromolecular motion and the presence of additives. Energy density is a function of dielectric permittivity, and thus materials with high permittivity can store enhanced amounts of energy at constant field. Pronounced interfacial phenomena at the interface of nanocomposites can be exploited for the development of high energy density materials.
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