Abstract
Tank repairs may be necessary due to problems encountered during construction, testing, and in-service use. Inadequate design, construction, and testing procedures have lead to many failures. Among the causes of failure include collapse, brittle fracture, foundation settlement, overpressure, and high vacuum. Repairs are required during service for a variety of reasons; including normal wear-and-tear, poor operations, and maintenance, change in operating conditions, abnormal weather or geology conditions and foundation failures. This chapter discusses out-of-service replacement and repairs, specifically, weld repair and plate patching, annular ring replacement, laminate reinforced coatings, thin film or glass flake coatings, external cathodic protection, bottom replacement, shell replacement, vertical riveted seam repairs, fixed-roof repairs and replacements, tank jacking and tank lining.
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