19세기 조·청 문인교류 연구의 검토 - 문인교류의 흐름을 중심으로

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This paper examines the overall flow of literary exchanges between Joseon and Qing by reviewing the body of research conducted so far, following Professor Kim Myung-ho’s “Two Paths Theory.” First, the research on 19th-century Joseon-Qing literary exchange has significantly expanded the scope of study, revealing the unprecedentedly active and equal interactions between the two nations. The literary exchanges were primarily shaped by academic and personal networks. In the case of exchanges involving Kim Jeong-hui and the Chusa school literati, academic networks in both Joseon and China naturally facilitated the interactions. Through these exchanges, research shows that Joseon scholars quickly adopted new trends from the Qing literary circles. This included contributing to the development of epigraphy(金石學) in Joseon and introducing mainstream Qing painting styles(正統派畫風), which briefly became popular in Joseon. Next, the exchanges among scholars following the tradition of the Buk-hak school(北學派) started from familial ties in Joseon and attempted to extend these networks into China. Although these efforts did not yield substantial results, they created new human networks that maintained literary ties(文緣) and preserved their tradition. This tradition left behind captivating anecdotes of friendship, which, according to the research, became legendary and served as a medium for confirming mutual affection among literary figures. These interactions inspired new literary creations, sustaining the tradition of literary exchange. In contrast to previous studies, which primarily focused on the early and mid-19th century, this study highlights the significance of literary exchanges during the late 19th century, particularly those that took place in Joseon during the Imo Incident(壬午軍亂). These interactions are notable for occurring on Joseon soil rather than in Beijing, filling a research gap on the late 19th century. The study also touches on the necessity of expanding research on “minor tributaries”(群小支流), which appear sporadic and isolated. While these require broader investigation, research has thus far focused on prominent figures in the mainstream, thereby broadening the scope of literary exchange studies. Such research underscores the essence of literary exchange, transcending distinctions between China(華) and non-China(夷), as well as barriers of social status and class. This highlights the human connection and true friendship as the foundation of literary exchange. While the study categorizes research for convenience and does not exhaustively review all results, it identifies a common thread across all streams of research: the efforts to continue the exchange traditions established by earlier Buk-hak scholars.