Abstract
This chapter reviews the calcium orthophosphate family to which hydroxyapatite belongs. Besides hydroxyapatite, the chapter list many kinds of calcium orthophosphate salts. The calcium orthophosphates are conventionally classified according to their Ca/P molar ratio that varies from 0.5 to 2. An important aspect of hydroxyapatite growth in modern technology is that, in many cases, the nucleation and subsequent growth of hydroxyapatite on the surface of biomaterials implanted in body tissues determine the performance and even lifetime of biomaterials. The growth of apatite crystals on the surface of biomaterials determines the characteristics and performance of a number of biomaterials. The chapter also reviews the mechanism and kinetics of hydroxyapatite growth in solution, in addition to the aspect of hydroxyapatite growth associated with hardening of calcium phosphate cements, and the fabrication of hydroxyapatite ceramics and single crystals. Most information about kinetics of hydroxyapatite crystal growth has been obtained from the constant pH method or the constant composition method.
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