Abstract
Nanoparticles and their modified variants find use extensively in various spheres of modern life, including medicine. Use of nanoparticles in medicine has opened up a new domain by integrating diagnostic approach with therapeutic one. The chapter starts by describing the relevance of the emergence of nantheranostics as an effective branch of medicine with a specific focus on the gaps that it has got the potential to bridge effectively followed by the toxicological concern associated with the use of these agents in therapeutics. The discussion involves an elucidation of the spectrum of toxicities associated with the use of a wide variety of nanoparticles commonly used as nanotheranostic agents along with their mechanistic basis. Lastly, the various in vitro and in vivo systems available for toxicity testing of these agents have also been outlined.
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