Abstract
As unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight missions become more and more complex, the requirements for propulsion systems are getting higher and higher. A single energy propulsion system can hardly meet the requirements such as silent, long endurance, convenient take-off, low emissions, etc. Hybrid systems can combine the advantages of various energy sources. Therefore, researches on hybrid energy UAVs are widely carried out. At first, some basic knowledge of hybrid UAVs is presented, including the components and classification of drones, the characteristics of various energy sources, and the energy system structure of hybrid UAVs. Then some demonstrations and study cases on typical hybrid UAVs are shown, including combustion engine/battery, fuel cell/combustion engine, fuel cell/battery, solar cells/battery, and fuel cell/solar cells/battery hybrid system. To improve the performance of hybrid UAVs, three types of common energy management strategies are summarized for hybrid UAVs. Research shows that most of the existing studies on hybrid UAVs stay in the simulation and prototype flight test stages, which is still a challenge to realize a UAV with the full function of a hybrid energy system.
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