Abstract
High hydrodynamic pressure processes are widely used in continuous processing of emulsion- or suspension-based commodities (including dairy- or fruit-based products, fuels, and paints) and high-value products (including functional foods, agro- and fine chemicals, or pharmaceuticals). High-pressure homogenization, using specific dispersion units, is the technology of choice for producing disperse particles or droplets in the low-micrometer to nanometer size range in low-viscous products. Describing and controlling the flow in these units still remains a challenge. This chapter describes the state of the art in hydrodynamic pressure processing research, which underpins the design of high-pressure dispersing units and the control of product quality. Technical challenges unsolved to date include wear/unit lifetime and process energy efficiency. Highly critical is today's need to use consumer-friendly natural ingredients, especially for stabilizing high-pressure homogenized products. Current research will widen the range of application of this promising technology to innovative products such as encapsulation systems based on nanocapsules, core–shell nanoparticles or solid–lipid nanoparticles, and enable producers to significantly reduce production costs.
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