Abstract
This chapter provides a brief overview of fatigue that is the failure of a component because of the repeated applications of load. Fatigue failure generally consists of three stages—crack initiation, stable crack growth, and unstable crack growth. Fatigue is dealt with in different ways, depending on the application: infinite life design, safe life design, fail safe design, and damage tolerant design. The first step in calculating crack initiation life is to determine the stresses in a component. Residual stresses can also reduce crack initiation life. Improper machining, such as grinding burns, can cause large tensile residual stresses. Cracks generally initiate at a notch where there is some localized plastic yielding. Typically, the designer has only elastic stresses from a finite element model. Fortunately, elastic stresses are sufficient to make a good approximation of the true stresses as long as the yielding is localized. There are two methods for making this approximation: Neuber method and Glinka method.
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