Abstract
This chapter provides a description of contact mechanics and surface topography. It also discusses friction, wear, and lubrication. Tribology has several consequences in mechanical components and modern-day life. Most consequences of friction and wear are considered negative, such as power consumption and the cause of mechanical failure. However, there are also some positive benefits of friction and wear. Friction has many benefits, such as the interaction between the tire and the road, and the shoe and the floor without which it is not possible to travel. Friction serves as the inherent connecting mechanism in knots, nails, and the nut and bolt assembly. It has some secondary benefits, such as the interaction between the fiber and matrix in composites as well as damping that may reduce deleterious effects as a result of resonance. Wear is a very complex process. It is much more complex even than friction. Radical differences in wear rate occur over relatively small ranges of the coefficient of friction. There are several standard wear configurations that can be used to obtain wear coefficients and compare material choices for a particular design.
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