Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to present development and design technologies and methodologies of low-pressure last-stage long blades for large-scale steam turbines in modern power plants. Technical features of last-stage long blades are high centrifugal force, high blade speed, three-dimensional flow, wet-steam flow, and relatively large unsteady flow forces during low-load operations. These features are the result of large annulus areas that were required mainly for enhancement of efficiency, which makes last-stage long blade developments difficult. Furthermore, as the name suggests, last stages with exhaust diffusers need to be designed carefully to minimize the leaving loss because there is no stage that uses the exit steam. Therefore new technologies for aerodynamic design, mechanical and aeromechanical design, and material design are required when we begin new longer-blade development. In this chapter, we present modern technologies and methodologies with some case examples.
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