Abstract
This chapter discusses the effect of flexible lattice aluminum (Al) in zeolites during the nitration of aromatics. The nitration of toluene with nitric acid and acetic anhydride with zeolite catalysts is studied by means of multi-nuclear solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to explain the enhanced para -selectivity observed with zeolite beta. The reversible transformation of framework aluminum from a tetrahedral into an octahedral environment is revealed by 27 Al NMR upon the interaction of the zeolite with the different components of the nitrating system. The flexibility of the lattice seems to play an important role in the regio-selectivity of nitration catalyzed by zeolites.
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