Abstract
The chapter covers the state of the art and open issues of metal biomaterials for osseointegration with a focus on features at the nanoscale. As first, the issues related to inflammatory response, new bone formation, and infection are reviewed. Then, the role of surface chemistry on osseointegration is described focusing on protein adsorption, response of osteoblasts and macrophages, infection, chemical modification through inorganic coatings or surface chemical treatments. As last, the already performed clinical trials and in vivo outcome of nanostructured implants for bone contact applications are reported.
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