120 ЛЕТ ГЕНЕТИКЕ - ИЗ ИСТОРИИ НАУКИ И ЕЕ РОЛИ ВО ВСЕОБЩЕМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ

Abstract

Significance. The recent anniversary - the 120th anniversary of genetics - symbolizes importance of science in all spheres of both natural science and humanitarian knowledge. Many health problems in Russia and abroad, including infections (SARS-CoV-2 virus), hereditary, multifactorial diseases, congenital malformations, ecological factors have genetic background. Knowledge of the basics of genetics helps to understand the role of genetic information in the implementation of phenotypic features of the human body with the participation of environmental factors to assess their positive or negative role in health formation and development. Purpose. a) To attract attention of all participants of the educational process to aspects of genetics in connection with problems of demographic situation and health in Russia to learn the basics of health; b) To evaluate temporal regulations related to teaching genetics in the system of the existing educational standards (FSES) in both secondary schools, colleges and high schools as insufficient and not meeting needs of the society and learners in understanding the personalized medicine and health basics; c) To substantiate necessity of studying genetics in connection with the human body and biota in the 21st century. Material for this article served scientific databases: eLibrary, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Results. The rationale of studying genetics by all participants of the Russian education at all levels was substantiated. An excursus into history of genetics was carried out to review its formation stages and recognize achievements of the domestic scientists - their contribution into creation of the science bases and its great discoveries. The need for genetic information for developing knowledge about origins of health and causes of its possible problems was pointed out and the role of methods of gene diagnostics, gene correction in preventing hereditary diseases and congenital defects was emphasized. Conclusion. The genetic component in the system of the Russian education should become universal in the cognitive model of "Nature-Man-Society". This knowledge provides basis for understanding and managing health. Genetics explores mysteries of the past, diagnoses problems of the present (health - disease) and predicts the future. For many the engine in mastering the basics of genetics will be a future profession (medicine, pedagogy, psychology, sociology, ecology, veterinary medicine, botany), but absolutely for everyone will be relevant to the study of their "self" for self-discovery of their roots, their future and conditions of their lives.