12 - Nuclear Heat Energy

Abstract

Most of the energy released in fission appears as kinetic energy of a few high-speed particles. As these pass through matter, they slow down by multiple collisions and impart thermal energy to the medium. This chapter discusses the means by which this energy is transferred to a cooling agent and transported to devices that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The chapter additionally discusses the methods for dealing with the large amounts of waste heat generated. The generation of electric power by consumption of any fuel is accompanied by the release of large amounts of waste heat. Many nuclear plants have adopted the cooling tower for disposal of waste heat into the atmosphere. In fact, the hyperboloid shape is so common that it is mistaken for the reactor. A cooling tower is basically a large heat exchanger with air flow provided by natural convection or by blowers. Waste heat can be viewed as a valuable resource. If it can be utilized in any way, it reduces the need for oil and other fuels. The chapter also discusses the potential beneficial uses of waste heat. Potential beneficial uses of the waste thermal energy include space heating and stimulation of growth of fish and of plants. Some nuclear facilities produce and distribute both steam and electricity.