Abstract
This chapter provides an introduction to recording consoles. The adoption of standardized studio levels and of their associated lineup tones ensures the interconnectability of different equipment from different manufacturers and ensures that tapes made in one studio are suitable for replay and/or rework in another. Electronic level indicators range from professional bargraph displays, which are designed to mimic volume unit (VU) or peak program meter (PPM) alignments and ballistics, through the various peak-reading displays common on consumer and prosumer goods, to simple peak-indicating LEDs. The most significant “building block” in an audio console is the channel input strip. Each mixer channel has one of these, and they tend to account for the majority of the panel space in a large console. Stereophonic reproduction from loudspeakers requires that stereo information is carried by interchannel intensity differences alone. The pan control progressively attenuates one channel while progressively strengthening the other as the knob is rotated, the input being shared equally between both channels when the knob is in its center position.
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