Abstract
This chapter focuses on various characteristics of sound of musical instruments. The frequency components of the sound produced by each of the music instruments extend very much higher than the fundamental tone. The phon is used to express loudness that is the perceived intensity of any sound. This is achieved by referring the sound in question to a sine-wave source of known intensity. Constructive and destructive interference is apparent in the phenomenon known as beats wherein two notes of nearly equal pitch are sounded simultaneously. Because the alternate compressions and rarefactions from each of these sound sources gradually move in time relation (phase) with one another, the sound waves periodically add (reinforce) and subtract (destructively interfere) in the air, so one becomes aware of a slow alteration of sound and silence.
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