Abstract
This chapter describes the characteristics of frontal lobe disorders. Damage to the frontal lobes produces disorders of personality, motor behavior, planning, and motivation. A variety of other behavioral manifestations may complicate frontal lobe damage, including the perseveration of motor movements, motor impersistence, confabulation, and reduplicative paramnesia. Abulia tends to be most marked after bilateral frontal lobe damage. The perseveration of visual, auditory, or tactile sensations may occur. Two distinct types of perseverative errors may be noted during language testing. A perseveration occurs when response from one test item is inappropriately repeated in the following test item. By contrast, an intrusion occurs when a test response is repeated but after intervening test stimuli. Intrusion errors appear to be characteristic of memory disorders, especially those due to Alzheimer's disease. Confabulation in the neurologically impaired patient is the unintentional, generally transient production of inappropriate and fabricated information, primarily in response to direct questioning. Environmental reduplication can occur occasionally and transiently in the normal individual.
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