12 - Biosensor platforms for detection of cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is one of the major threats to global health with an increasing mortality rate over the past few years, giving utmost importance to the early diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular disorder (CVD). Current studies reported that the most important validated biomarkers used for the detection of cardiac infarction include troponin T (cTn), troponin I (cTnI), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and myoglobin (cMb). But the major concern is the detection of those biomarkers at very low concentrations during onset of disease. Therefore, a highly efficient, rapid, and sensitive detection method is urgently needed. Currently, chemiluminescent, fluoro-and radioimmunoassay, colorimetric, conventional ELISA-based approaches are being used for the detection of biomarkers, although these approaches are not very reliable in many cases. Biosensors play a crucial role in point-of-care diagnostics due to their simplicity, rapidness, low cost, and analysis in real time. Most importantly, the electrochemical biosensor approach is one of the efficient methods for the early detection of biomarkers. It is noteworthy to mention that a single biomarker is not sufficient for early detection of CVD in an efficient way. Instead, a panel of biomarkers’ detection approach in a single platform will improve the quality of life for CVD individuals and reduce the financial burden to health care providers. In this book chapter, we summarize the current advances on various strategies and methods with their analytical performances used for detecting transcriptome and protein-based emerging CVD biomarkers in biological samples. We also propose a multiplex diagnosis approach that may significantly improve the early, fast, accurate diagnosis and point-of-care application.