Abstract
Flooding is the most common occurring natural disaster. A variety of meteorological, topographical, and human factors contribute to flood risks. Expanding populations along shorelines and waterways place more people in flood hazard areas. Types of flooding include dam and levee failure, riverine flooding, flash floods, lake level fluctuations, ground failure, and coastal flooding. Not all flood-related deaths are due to drowning. Other associated health threats include trauma, fire, electrocution, carbon monoxide poisoning, and the exacerbation of chronic diseases including heart disease. Buildings can be damaged and structurally weakened by floodwaters. Landslides and mudslides also pose safety risks. Drinking water contamination can be caused by dead animals, leaked fuel, sewage, and additional contaminants displaced into wells and other water sources. Food shortages are possible due to crop damage, loss of livestock, and spoilage of personal or commercial food supplies. Preparedness actions include flood zone planning, evacuation planning, safety messaging, and warnings. Public awareness must include messages on protection against foodborne or waterborne disease threats, physical and chemical threats, mold, wound infections, animal threats, and mosquitoes.
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