Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis worldwide. Pain is the primary symptom, and the main contributor to functional limitations and disability. Management remains focused on symptom improvement as there are no approved therapies proven to alter structural disease. All patients should receive education about the disease and self-management. Because OA is a chronic disease, patients will likely need to be managed with a variety of different approaches over the course of their disease, often with combinations of modalities. Physical modalities, such as exercise and weight loss, are the mainstays of treatment, but are severely underutilized. Mind-body approaches can be useful adjunctive options. Pharmacologic therapies may focus on local therapies in initial stages before instituting systemic therapies. When a combination of these measures is insufficient in managing OA symptoms, referral for consideration of joint replacement surgery is warranted. Novel pharmacologic therapies for symptom and structure modification are currently being tested in trials.
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