北宋中後期的文臣統兵：以陝西沿邊五路經略安撫使為例(1038~1100)

Abstract

This thesis aims to demonstrate and analyze the phenomenon that the Song civil officials, who were considered by modern historians not to be acquainted with military issues, commanding troops from the first Song-Tangut war (1038~1045) to the end of the Zhezong reign(1085~1100). The concept of “ commanding troops” in this thesis refers to widespread contents, including managing armies, dealing with military enterprise in the frontier region, and mobilizing armies to fight against enemies. In this thesis, I focus on the civil officials as frontier military intendant (“civil military intendants”) in Shaan-xi circuit for researching examples. Chapter One represents as an introduction, covering the estimation of precedent research works and methodological concerns of this thesis. Chapter Two presents the discourses advocators utilize to promote “civil officials commanding troops”. Chapter Three takes Shaan-xi circuit as examples, discussing the exercising rules of military forces in Song military defense system, which enable a “civil military intendant” in defense area to take authority and responsibilities to keep regional stability. Chapter Four analyzes the relations between “civil military intendants” and soldiers, the guiding principles “civil military intendants” take, their acts different from military intendants, and their military activities in war. Chapter Five illustrates the working experience “civil military intendants” undergo in bureaucratic system and their interpretations of civil officials engaging in military affairs. The final chapter serves as a conclusion, examining the hidden meaning beyond materials above. The appendix analyzes the phrase “confucian general” in Song sources. The main point of this thesis is that the principle of “civil officials dominating military officials” in Song frontier defense system realizes some scholar-officials’ ideal of “civil officials commanding troops”. Because of the fact of “civil officials commanding troops” in Song frontier defense system, the phrase “confucian general” was more prevailing in Song China than before. Through studying the issue of civil officials commanding troops, I hope this thesis to improve our understanding on political history, military history, and literati culture in Sung China.